Are Exceptionally Violent Volcanic Eruptions More Common Than We Think? Part 2 of 2

Landsat image of Lake Taupo on New Zealand North Island.  Image courtesy NASA Landsat, 2005 via Wiki

Are Exceptionally Violent Volcanic Eruptions More Common Than We Think? Part 1 of 2

Follow-on Hunga-Tonga eruption on Jan 16.  Image courtesy Tonga Geological Services via teleSUR, Jan 17

Ksudach Caldera System, Kamchatka

Ksudach volcano with two crater lakes. Breached Shtyubel volcano is in the northern portion of the main caldera. Note denuded flanks via the 1907 eruption. Volcanic structure at the One O’clock position is unnamed. Screen capture from Google Maps.

Volcanism along the Northern EPR 9.8° – 17° N

Location of RISE Project area at the Northern East Pacific Rise. Image courtesy Wiki

Easter Island, Chile

Satellite image of Easter Island. Three main shields are clearly visible. Rani Kau is lower left. Terevaka is upper center. Poike is far right. Most recent lava flows are clearly visible in the center of the island. Collapse caldera in Rano Kau is clearly visible. Image courtesy ESA, 2019

Central Madagascar Volcanic Fields

Central Madagascar volcanic field. Note multiple cinder cones in the field. Image courtesy WUSTL, 2016

Apaneca Range, El Salvador

Apaneca Range from the S. Cerro de Apeneca on the left, Las Ninfas – Laguna Verde complex in the center. Cuyanausul, Cerro de la Rana, Cerro Aguila, Cerro los Naranjos to the right. The Concepcion de Ataco Caldera is on the other side of the range, obscured by the line of volcanic cones. Image courtesy Lee Siebert, 1999 via Smithsonian GVP

Diky Greben and the Kurile Lake Caldera, Kamchatka, Russia

Diky Greben volcanic complex from Kurile Lake. Image courtesy Wiki

Hokkaido 5: The Tokachi Volcanic Group, Japan

Phreatic eruption at Tokachi Dec 1988. Magmatic explosion, incandescent blocks, and a small pyroclastic surge down the N flank of the volcano. Image courtesy Japan Meteorological Agency1988, via Smithsonian GVP

The Atka, Korovin, Kliuchef Volcanic Complex, Aleutians, Alaska

Greater Atka Volcano complex with the caldera, Korovin and Kliuchef labeled. Image courtesy Lu and Dzurisin, 2014, via Smithsonian GVP