Are Exceptionally Violent Volcanic Eruptions More Common Than We Think? Part 2 of 2

Landsat image of Lake Taupo on New Zealand North Island.  Image courtesy NASA Landsat, 2005 via Wiki

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Kunlun Volcanic Group, China

Yutian volcano in Kunlun Volcanic Group. Image courtesy China Whisperer. http://www.chinawhisper.com/top-6-chinas-amazing-volcanoes/

WHODUNNIT – if not BABUYAN CLARO? (🇵🇭)

Smith volcano, Babuyan Claro Island (© Garrison et al., 2018)

“The 1831 eruption of Babuyan Claro in the Philippines is regarded as one of the most significant volcanic climate forcing events of the nineteenth century, particularly so when treated as a double eruption with the 1835 (VEI 5) eruption of Cosegüina, producing ‘enhanced’ forcing effects over a decadal time frame.”
Follows the course of much detective work and its conclusion:
“We therefore suggest that the 1831 eruption of Babuyan Claro is a false event and that one or more alternative eruptions will have to be identified as the source of the 1831 stratospheric sulphate aerosol.”

LONQUIMAY (🇨🇱) and its Christmas Crater

Lonquimay volcano behind the Christmas crater, or Cráter Navidad. Photo taken towards the SW. (© Andeshandbook, Alvaro Vivanco)

Although not for the faint-hearted and wobbly legged, Lonquimay’s summit is a favorite destination with climbers. The reward for their pains is a stunning view all around: In clear weather, up to 14 volcanoes can be seen within a radius of 250 km:

VOLCÁN de SANTA ANA – 🇸🇻 – or LAMATEPEC (not: Ilamatepec)

From front: Santa Ana volcano, Cerro Verde, Izalco in the Santa Ana volcanic complex. (© salvadoreantours.com)

Looking for the right volcano name to use in my post I found only great confusion, even in official sources. Volcán de Santa Ana is the official name given in Spanish, there’s no doubt. However, in articles across the web you can also find it variously called Ilamatepec, Llamatepec or Lamatepec. Faggioli (2013) notes that all those have no base in the native Náhuat language. The initial “I” in Ilametepec is someone’s invention and plain wrong. It has been called Lamatepec in the work of a 19th century researcher, and this name has since become habitually in use locally.

“And Fire Exploded from Seven Places…” – SÃO JORGE – Azores Part 6

Aerial view of São Jorge with the westernmost headland of Ponta dos Rosais in the foreground. (© José Luís Ávila Silveira/Pedro Noronha de Costa)

“After another seven days, a fire exploded in the vicinity of the parish of Santo Amaro, where it opened two mouths of fire, such as two great ravines of fluid material, and with such force that on the second day, we encountered more than a moio of fields of lava in the direction of the homes, forcing the people to flight; the vicar, Rev. Amaro Pereira de Lemos, lost his senses and his sister D. Anna Maria de Lemos went crazy.“
(Father João Ignácio da Silveira, May 1808)

Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira Volcanoes, Congo

Satellite photo of adjoining volcanic fields, Goma and Lake Kivu. Photo courtesy Photovolcanica. http://www.photovolcanica.com/VolcanoInfo/Nyiragongo/Nyiragongo.html

The Ontong Java Plateau – Large Igneous Province

Google screen capture of Solomon Islands. Ontong Java atoll is the darker blue boot shaped island just right of the upper center of the capture. The Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) is the lighter blue shaded portion of the capture north of the Solomon Island arc.

VOLCÁN CHAITÉN (CL) and a Town in Distress

The Chaitén volcano in eruption, October 2008 (© Gerard Prins, via Wikimedia)

The Michoacán – Guanajuato Volcanic Field, Mexico

Paricutin volcano, lava flow and buried church. http://www.amusingplanet.com/2014/08/paricutin-volcano-that-grew-out-of.html