Are Exceptionally Violent Volcanic Eruptions More Common Than We Think? Part 2 of 2

Landsat image of Lake Taupo on New Zealand North Island.  Image courtesy NASA Landsat, 2005 via Wiki

Are Exceptionally Violent Volcanic Eruptions More Common Than We Think? Part 1 of 2

Follow-on Hunga-Tonga eruption on Jan 16.  Image courtesy Tonga Geological Services via teleSUR, Jan 17

Flank Collapse at Anak Krakatau, Dec. 22, 2018

Anak Krakatau a week following flank collapse eruption Dec. 22. The vent region has not yet been rebuilt above water level. Highest remaining part of the island is the hyaloclastic ring that used to host the most recent cone. Note also the island has been resurfaced and grown a bit. Image courtesy BBC News, Jan. 3 https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46743362https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46743362

Real Risk or Fearmongering? PALINURO & MARSILI SEAMOUNTS (🇮🇹)

Bathymetry of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. The inset shows a schematic representation of the tectonics affecting southern Italy. (from: M. Ligi et al., 2014)

On and off during recent years I caught some headlines about submarine volcanoes in Italy but never got round to read those studies. Since I came across some really Doom-&-Gloom-The-End-Is-Nigh videos I decided to have a closer look at these. And I’ll give the answer beforehand: Yes there is a real risk. And, yes, there is an awful amount of fearmongering.

Ongoing eruptions at Ebeko, Kuril Islands

January 2017 steam emissions from Ebeko

Perished in Style – Ritter Island, P.N.G.

Ritter Island, 9/2010 © John B. Dikaung (via Panoramio, Peter John Tate)